Low carbohydrate diet and all cause and cause-specific mortality

BackgroundEvidence is limited regarding the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score and mortality among Asians, a population that consumes large amount of carbohydrates.ObjectiveThe present study examined (based on percentage energy as carbohydrate, fat, protein) risk total cause-specific Asians.DesignThis was prospective cohort in Japan with follow-up for median 16.9 years involving 43008 men 50646 women aged 45–75 years. Association LCD score, based animal sources protein plant fat assessed using Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsA U-shaped observed mortality: multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) lowest through highest scores were 1.00, 0.95 (0.91, 1.01), 0.93 (0.88, 0.98), 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) (P-non-linearity <0.01). A similar found from cardiovascular disease (CVD) heart disease. protein, also showed In contrast, linearly associated lower (HR, 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.94 versus quintile), CVD [0.82 (0.73, 0.92)], [0.83 (0.71, 0.98)], cerebrovascular [0.75 (0.62, 0.91) mortality.ConclusionsBoth high high-carbohydrate low higher mortality. Meanwhile, plant-based Evidence carbohydrates. The Asians. This model. Both